India-Pakistan Tensions Escalate After Deadly Pahalgam Attack

As of April 24, 2025, India-Pakistan relations have sharply deteriorated following a deadly militant attack in Pahalgam, Jammu and Kashmir.

🔴 Deadly Attack in Pahalgam

On April 23, gunmen opened fire on tourists in the Baisaran Valley near Pahalgam, killing 26 people—including 24 Indian nationals, one Nepali citizen, and one local guide—and injuring 17 others. The militant group "Kashmir Resistance" claimed responsibility, citing opposition to demographic changes from "outsiders" settling in the region. Indian authorities suspect the group is a proxy for Pakistan-based militants, though Pakistan denies direct involvement.

🇮🇳 India’s Response

In retaliation, India has taken several significant measures:

Suspended the Indus Waters Treaty: This 1960 agreement governs water-sharing between the two countries and has been a longstanding symbol of cooperation.

Closed the main land border crossing: This move disrupts cross-border trade and travel.

Downgraded diplomatic ties: India summoned Pakistan’s top diplomat in New Delhi and called for an all-party meeting to discuss the situation.

Increased security in Kashmir: Hundreds of security personnel have been deployed to search for the attackers. Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Home Minister Amit Shah have vowed to bring the perpetrators to justice. The attack has also led to a mass exodus of tourists from the region, disrupting the local economy.

🇵🇰 Pakistan’s Reaction

Pakistan condemned the loss of life but denied involvement in the attack. The government has promised a fuller response following a high-level meeting.

⚠️ Broader Implications

The attack has reignited fears of escalating tensions between the two nuclear-armed neighbors. The suspension of the Indus Waters Treaty, in particular, raises concerns about regional stability. The U.S. intelligence community has previously warned of a high risk of miscalculation leading to

conflict in the region.

🔮 Future Implications

• Refusal of Simla Agreement by Pakistan.

• Further military escalation on the LOC.

• India may think of acquiring the Pok.